United States House of Representatives

Introduction In comparing and contrasting  two house  of representative members in the state of Pennsylvania, there are two members whose contributions to their respective districts and to the  state  are significant. Thompson Glen and Mike Kelly have the experience to work with people across all age groups and gender.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on United States House of Representatives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, they  strive  to  improve  economic  growth through formulation of policies and implementation of programs to this regard. They have developed various approaches in their service to the people.  Like their counterparts in the House of Representatives,  they have experiences and their share of criticism. But,  that has not deterred their commitment to serve the people of Pennsylvania. Personal backgrounds and Districts Mike Kelly is the  U.S  representat ive for  Pennsylvania’s third District. Mike is sixty three years old, a former Butler City Council member. He attended University of Notre Dame on a football scholarship but left because of injury (Cabalena). A car dealer by profession, he is a newcomer elected on the republican platform. Kelly Mike committees’ projects include  Education and the Workforce, Foreign Affairs, Oversight and Government Reform. Thompson Glen, who is fifty two years old, is also a republican representing the fifth district in his second term in office. Thompson attended both Pennsylvania State University and Temple University. Thompson Glen is involved with Agriculture, Education and the Workforce, and the Natural Resources committee (Cabalena). Thompson Glen has the reputation of a hardworking representative and a down-to-earth lawmaker.  Thompson  represents the largest  district  in Pennsylvania, the 5th Congressional District. As noted in Centre For Responsive Politics, it h as a population of 646,397 where 96.5%  of this are whites, 1.1% are Asian  0.8%, Hispanic 1.3% Black and 0.2% are Native Americans (Centre For Responsive Politics). Its Median income is $33,254.In 2010, Thompson won the elections gaining 125,740 votes 68.6 % of the total 182,972 votes. His victory is attributed to the grassroots campaigns. On the other hand, Mike is a newcomer as the 3rd district representative which has a population of 646,311. This represented as 94.4% are white, 0.5% are Asian, 3.5% Black, 1.3% Hispanic, 0.1% are Native Americans and 0.1% others. Its Median income is $35,884. Mike gained 109,909 votes which was 55.7% of all votes against Democrat Kathy Dahlkemper in the 2010 elections (Politicians and Elections).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The 3rd district has an approximately 88% high school graduates, while for Bachelor’s degree or higher gradua tes range around 26% as the 5th district high school drops – out is around 15% making graduates range at around 85%, for Bachelor’s degree is around 19% (Centre For Responsive Politics). Legislation and Responsibilities Mike has sponsored these legislation among others: State and Local Funding Flexibility Act, Empowering Parents through Quality Charter Schools Act, Setting New Priorities in Education Spending Act, Family Health Care Accessibility Act of 2011, Congressional Retirement Age Act of 2011, Congressional Retirement Age Act of 2011, Referred to House committee, House Committee on Energy and Commerce. While Thompson sponsored bills like Educating Entrepreneurs through Today’s Technology Act, Tax Relief Certainty Act, Small Business Paperwork Mandate Elimination Act, Amendment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to modify special rules relating to coverage of abortion services under such Act. Unlike Mike Kelly who is a  newcomer, Thompson Glen won his second two-year  term  with 68 percent of the vote.  In his first term he voted 93percent with his republican party but he voted with Democrats on several  issues, like children’s health insurance  reauthorization, federally funded community service and volunteer programs. This has brought criticism on him from his party members. With his background as a therapist, he believes health care  should  be expanded for veterans and service members. He proposed an amendment on health policy to aid  medical providers to provide and treat patients using the telephone and the internet. According to the Centre For Responsive Politics, Mike Kelly is serving in his first term. He is a strong advocate  of government, cutting cost on its spending by removing duplicate programs, which are not necessary. In doing so, the committee on Government Oversight and Government Reform Committee which he serves on have not been spared from criticism (Centre For Responsive Politics). His background as a businessman plays a  major  role in his contributions in the lower chamber to advocate for  practical ways  of budgeting in an effort to reduce taxpayers’ burden. Although most newcomers to the political arena are assigned to serve in two committees, he serves in three of them. In comparing and contrasting the roles of these two representatives, it is  important  to identify  theirAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on United States House of Representatives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Values, and beliefs on different issues that include education, job creation, trade, natural resources and government spending. In addition, they have the duty to  understand  the roles they play to represent the people of Pennsylvania in the representative committees they serve  in. Thompson Glen and Mike Kelly on Issues Both have had a lot of experiences working with youth in the Pennsylvania state despite, their ages in the attempt to reach out to all their constituents.  Thompson’s appointment  to the House Committee on Education and Workforce in 2008 was as a result of his experience to work with young people.  Previously, he served as a member of the Bald Eagle Area School Board as well as a past vice-chair of the private industry council of the Central Corridor, a volunteer fire fighter and as a scoutmaster. As noted by US Census Bureau, Thompson has been  at  the forefront advocating for students’ education as a future investment (US Census Bureau).  He serves on the Higher Education committee and a  vigorous  supporter of  inclusive education that advocates  the pursuit for both science and arts. In the lower chamber  he has been aggressively advocating for a sustainable economic growth and job creation (US Census Bureau). Therefore, the nation should focus on retooling the education system towards a positiv e transition to the workforce.  Thompson also supports school voucher system that allows parents or guardians to send their children to any schools. Thompson, like Kelly, believes that the federal government  has  a significant role to play in not only policies but also public education funding and other program. U.S. Representative Mike Kelly is also  very  vocal on the importance of education for all including funding both urban and rural school districts. His funding formula by the federal government  which should be inclusive, away from the current structures  that advocate funding for largest school districts and instead, redirect resources to smaller  urban  and rural  district schools to improve education, especially, for disadvantaged students. Job Creation and Trade As a businessman, Kelly’s concerns on cutting  jobs  are justified. Trade polices should impact positively on the  ability  for American businessmen to  compete in the global   market  with other international trading partners. According to Centre For Responsive Politics, Mike Kelly as the vice-Chair of  the  House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia and the  Pacific,  is mandated to spearhead policy formulation (Centre For Responsive Politics). These include focusing on trade and security-related policies that impact on U.S. and the region including the Asia-Pacific region.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It includes the enforcement of  good  global partnership.  In the efforts to  advance  stability and security throughout the region,  there is greater access,  meaning  job creation and increased exports. They both attempt to overcome economic challenges that throughout history have been contributing factors that have continued to  compromise  the nation’s future. This is through formulation of policies and programs that  encourage  job creation a  major  factor to economical growth. Natural Resources According to both Thompson and Kelly, improving existing natural resources an  important  feature. Simply, because in Pennsylvania has a history with management and conservation of its natural resources, which is a  crucial aspect to its growth.  These natural resources  include  the Allegheny National Forest; Pennsylvania’s only national forest, the Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Play and agriculture (Pennsylvania Politics). Although Kelly has voted with his Republican  party  on many issues on energy and agriculture, they have proved  productive  and to the  advantage  of his own state. Although, they both serve in different committees they share a sense of commitment to serve the state of Pennsylvania, and have been very vocal on issues in the lower chamber. According to US Census Bureau Congressman Thompson has over three decades of experience as a community leader this has been instrumental in his contribution to the agriculture committee which Pennsylvania is  very  significant  to the rural industry. Its jurisdiction is over agriculture-related fields that  include forestry, resource and water conservation, agriculture and nutrition (US Census Bureau). Pennsylvania has a long history with the timber industry; therefore, need  to identify proper timber harvesting  mechanisms  that recognize water and resource conservation. Glen’s office has been instrumental in obtaining loa ns and grants for the community by working with the constituents, community based organizations and the local governments. He believes in supporting appropriate legislation which is responsible for the  expansion  of alternative and renewable forms of energy, increase conservation  to increase energy efficiency and  supply  as a way of saving the  consumer  both money energy. On the contrary,  Kelly believes the solution to  the energy  dependence is for congress to put in place policies that  encourage  the development  of natural gas and coal.  Another way is also to  concentrate  on emerging industries, like the shale industry to provide affordable energy to all citizens. Government spending Most freshmen  Congressmen assignments to committees involve serving on  the third committee of Government Oversight and Government Reform Committee. They have strong belief in the need for  the government  to reduce spending. This committee has been ac cused of duplicating programs that contribute to wasting taxpayers’  money,  who are already  overstretched. In reversing the accumulated staggering national debt, the United States good business sense is required.  To create  employment, a conducive entrepreneur’s environment is  necessary. Glen’s approach is to give  every opportunity for  effective  and healthy competition in the work. Contributors and the Role of the Media The top contributors in Mike Kelly’s campaign include Honey International, National Community Action Foundation, Alpha Natural Resources, and Automotive Free International Trade PAC. Glen Thompson’s received 68 percent ($165,403) of his contributions from individuals; PAC contributed 32 percent amounting to $78,600. Pennsylvania Politics notes that the media is an integral part of the electoral process. Social media are interactive reaching to more constitute (Pennsylvania Politics). Simply because they are friend- driven, emails, blogs, tweets, and digital public spaces are powerful means of obtaining public opinions. Mike Kelly and Thompson Glen recognized that during their respective campaigns is effective in connecting with the voters. Both Glen and Thompson’s campaigners used social network not only to fund raise but train volunteers (Pennsylvania Politics). Conclusion Thompson Glen and Mike Kelly, as representatives of the state of Pennsylvania, play  major  roles in the lower chamber. It is not only in their voting patterns but their strong belief and opinion that is evident in their proactive approaches in addressing positive change that impact  economical growth in the entire nation. Both congressmen acknowledge that for sustainable  growth  and relevance of the policies; accountability and flexibility are key factors. They only differ in their respective approaches on issues in their respective responsibilies. Their past involvement with the community makes b oth Kelly and Glen to easily relate more to the importance issues affecting ordinary citizens. Works Cited Cabalena Juan. Information on Representative Mike Kelly of Congressional District September, 2011. 27th September, 2011 Centre For Responsive Politics. Get Local. 2011. Web. Pennsylvania Politics. Pennsylvania Politics National News, Statehouse Updates Elections Coverage.2011.Web. Politicians and Elections. 112th Congress Legislation. 2011. Web. US Census Bureau. State County Quick Facts. 2011. Web. September, 2011 This essay on United States House of Representatives was written and submitted by user Audrianna G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Speaking Strategies for English Learners

Speaking Strategies for English Learners Many English students complain that they understand English, but dont feel confident enough to join a conversation. There are a number of reasons for this, which we include here along with possible solutions: Students try to translate from their native language into English. How to Fix  It? Identify the Little Man/Woman in Your Head  -   If you pay attention, youll notice that youve created a little person in your head that translates. By insisting on always translating through this little man or woman, youre introducing a third person into the conversation. Learn to identify this person and ask them nicely to be quiet! Production blocking occurs due to nervousness, lack of confidence, etc. How to Fix  It? Become a Child Again -   Think back to when you were a child learning your first language. Did you make mistakes? Did you understand everything? Allow yourself to be a child again and make as many mistakes as possible. Also accept the fact that you wont understand everything, thats okay! The speaker is looking for a specific word, rather than using simple language to describe what is meant. How to Fix  It? Dont Always Tell the Truth  - Students sometimes limit themselves by trying to find the exact translation of something theyve done. However, if you are learning English, its not necessary to always tell the truth. If you are practicing telling stories in the past, make up a story. Youll find you can speak more easily if you arent trying to find a specific word. There arent enough conversation opportunities in or outside of class. How to Fix  It? Use Your Native Language  - Think about what you like to discuss in your own native language. Find a friend who speaks your language, have a conversation about a topic you both enjoy in your own language. Next, try to reproduce the conversation in English. Dont worry if you cant say everything, just try to repeat the main ideas of your conversation. Students arent able to speak to peers (for example: mixed classes of adults and teenagers). How to Fix  It? Make Speaking Into a Game -   Challenge each other to speak in English for a short period of time. Keep your goals easy. Perhaps you can begin with a short two-minute conversation in English. As practicing becomes more natural, challenge each other for longer periods of time. Another possibility is to collect some money for each time you use your own language with a friend. Use the money to go out for a drink and practice some more English! Exam preparation focuses on grammar, vocabulary, etc. and leaves little time for active use. How to Fix  It? Create a Study Group  - If getting ready for a test is your primary goal for learning English, put together a study group to review and prepare - in English! Make sure your group only discusses in English. Studying and reviewing in English, even if its just grammar, will help you become more comfortable in speaking English.   Speaking Resources Here are a number of resources, lesson plans, suggestion pages, and more which will help you and your students improve English speaking skills in and outside of class. The first rule of improving speaking skills is to speak, converse, talk, gab, etc. as much as you can! However, these strategies can help you - or your students - make the most out of your efforts. American English Usage Tips - Understanding how Americans use English and what they expect to hear can help improve conversations between native and non-native speakers. These next two features help you understand how words stress plays a role in both understanding and being understood: Intonation and Stress: Key to UnderstandingWord Stress - Changes in Meaning Register use refers to the tone of voice and words that you choose when speaking to others. Appropriate register use can help you develop a good rapport with other speakers. Register UsageRegister Use in English Teaching Conversational Skills will help teachers understand specific challenges involved when teaching speaking skills in class. Social English Examples Making sure that your conversation starts well often depends on using social English (standard phrases). These social English examples provide short dialogues and key phases necessary. IntroductionsGreetingsSpecial DaysSpeaking to StrangersTraveling Phrases Dialogues Dialogues are useful in learning standard phrases and vocabulary used in common situations. These situations are some of the most common youll find when practicing your English. A Busy DayWeekend SportsAt a Restaurant Here are a number of dialogues based on level: Beginners DialoguesIntermediate Dialogues Conversation Lesson Plans Here are a number of lesson plans which have proven quite popular in ESL/EFL classrooms around the world. Well start with debates. Debates can be used in class to help motivate students and use phrases and vocabulary that they may not use on an everyday basis. Here are a few to start off with: Men and Women - Equal at Last?Multinationals -   Help or Hindrance? Games are also quite popular in class, and games which encourage to express their point of view are some of the best: Creating a New SocietyGuilty!Lego Blocks This page will lead you to all the conversation plans located on this site: Conversation Lesson Plan Resource

Three Factors Influencing Changing Fashion Trends Essay

Three Factors Influencing Changing Fashion Trends - Essay Example The essay "Three Factors Influencing Changing Fashion Trends" discovers the Changing Fashion Trends. There are factors that promote the changes in the society, which are responsible for the increase in the fashion obsolesces. Therefore, the paper will discuss three factors that contribute significantly to changes in the fashion treads. One of the factors influencing fashion industry and marketing is the global economic changes, which relates to the production, raw materials, technology, new systems of global manufacturing and growth in national economies. The demand in the industry is visibility, whereby the factors have a significant influence on marketing and strategic planning. In fact, this case caused the fashion marketing to be faced by different consumer tastes and preferences, economic levels of market structures, and business structures. Moreover, the changing lifestyles of the consumer increase the demand patterns, which are attributed to the development caused by the techn ological revolution and economic globalization. In this case, the modern consumers are influenced by the world fashion instead of the national fashion, whereby the volatile consumers are able to purchase patterns with a reliable response of the companies in order to cope with the dynamism in the business environment and remain competitive. The second factor relates to the influence caused by television and internet as the main channels of marketing in globalized world, whereby the channels assist the fashion industry.

Strategic Planning in Uncertain and Dynamic Environments Research Paper

Strategic Planning in Uncertain and Dynamic Environments - Research Paper Example This process is called strategic planning and has been proved to result in different outcomes for different organizations, depending on the nature of the organization and the environment in which the organization operates.   Strategic planning is a systematic and documented process that is adapted for making decisions on what key decisions an organization must get right in order to ensure that the organization thrives in the future. The process of strategic planning leads to a strategic plan, which is a set of statements that describe the purpose and ethical conduct of an organization together with the different strategies that have been designed in order to achieve the targets that the organization has set (Pearce II, et al 1987). To achieve the best outcome, an organization should ensure that its strategic planning is effective, and is capable of sustainable strategic decisions. This is important as it might reduce the risk level for the organization, and improve the long-term performance of the organization. Different organizations have utilized the process of strategic planning differently, and have experienced varying results. Today, apart from large corporations, smaller organizations are equally adopting the process of strategic planning. While some organizations have successfully used strategic planning and experienced a positive outcome, other organizations have failed to realize a positive outcome with strategic planning. Therefore, strategic planning in this regard cannot be viewed as an ultimate or absolute effective process for organizational decision making and improved performance.  

Worker compensation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Worker compensation - Essay Example nd the companies with modified duty programme to be better, and for these reason insurance companies normally lower the business workers’ compensation premiums for such companies. Placing the injured employees into modified work programme makes the employees to realize that time off of work is a rare event, and not a paid vacation. This move in consequence discourages the employees dishonestly requesting for paid vacations. Another advantage of implementing modified duty programme is that the employees will work within their ability, thus helping the Company to getting productive work its employees; the modified duty programme also makes the employees to return to their regular jobs faster. Modified duty programme also allows the employees to easily get into their normal routine, thus preventing the employees from being overwhelmed with work. This programme also makes the employees to feel important and appreciated by the Company for which they work. The employees under the mo dified work programme are paid by the Company and they are allowed to resume their work earlier. Modified duty programme also helps Companies to maintain a well-informed workforce, which of big advantage to the Company. An effective light/modified duty programme gives a detailed description of each work done in the work place. Since supervisors and managers are aware of the work being done within a business organization, they can make a list of all work done in the business organization. There is need for uniformity on the format for how everything is written down and described in the Company. With this kind of information, employees can easily find jobs that suit injured employees. Bearing in mind the common workplace injuries, the employees can plan beforehand on what kinds of jobs can be done with the employees with certain injuries. There is need for effective communication between the medical providers and the Company in which the Company informs the medical providers of the kind

G-protein Cycle and its Regulation by RGS Proteins

G-protein Cycle and its Regulation by RGS Proteins Julia Weigandt G Proteins, also known asguanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of membrane resident â€Å"go-between† proteins that are important molecular switches in the mediation of GPCR signalling1. In their inactive state, G-proteins exist as heterotrimeric complexes composed of ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ² and ÃŽ ³-subunits. Upon its stimulation, a GPCR will catalyse the GDPà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  GTP exchange at GÃŽ ± leading to the dissociation of the trimer complex as a GÃŽ ±-subunit and the GÃŽ ²ÃŽ ³-dimer, both able to interact with a number of effector systems responsible for cellular responses. Upon hydrolysis of GTP to GDP+P by GÃŽ ±, the G-protein mediated signalling is terminated, whereby a group of proteins, the regulators of G-protein signalling (RGS) appear to play substantial role1,2. Every organ system utilises G-protein mediated signal transduction evoking such diverse outcomes as neurotransmission, immunity, cardiovascular function and hormone secretion3. Consequently, GPCRs present a variety of opportunities as therapeutic targets for treating cancer, cardiac dysfunction, central nervous system disorders and pain. In fact, drugs targeting members of this protein superfamily account for 40% of all prescription pharmaceuticals on the market2. GPCRs constitute the largest and most diversefamily of heptahelical transmembrane receptors  that receive a signal (e.g. small peptides, lipid analogues, amino-acid derivatives, and sensory stimuli such as light, taste and odour2)from outside thecelland transmit this signal to the cell interior via interactions with G-proteins leading to activation of downstream effector systems4. In mammals 21 GÃŽ ±-subunits, six GÃŽ ²-subunits and twelve GÃŽ ³-subunits have been described5. Depending on their GÃŽ ± similarity, G-proteins are grouped into four main classes: GÃŽ ±s, GÃŽ ±i/o, GÃŽ ±q/11 and GÃŽ ±12/13 which show selectivity with respect to both, receptors and effectors due to the presence of recognition domains complementary to G-protein binding domains in receptors/effectors6. The main targets for G-proteins include adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase isoforms, Rho A/Rho kinases (a system that controls mainly signalling pathways involved in cell growth/proliferation), and the mitogen a ctivated protein kinase (involved in the control of many cell functions such as cell division), and ion channels7,8. In its inactivated state the complex is freely diffusible in the plane of the cell membrane due to fatty acid chain anchors on each subunit7. Stimulation of GPCRs by agonists leads to conformational changes in the receptor resulting in the acquirement of high affinity to the G(ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ³) complex. Due to their subsequent association, a GDP->GTP exchange in the ÃŽ ±-subunit will occur leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex from the receptor in form of a GÃŽ ±(GTP)-subunit and a GÃŽ ²ÃŽ ³-dimer. Prior the activation of the G-protein the GÃŽ ²ÃŽ ³-dimer is bound to a hydrophobic pocket present in GÃŽ ±-GDP. GTP binding to GÃŽ ± removes the hydrophobic pocket and reduces the affinity of GÃŽ ± for GÃŽ ²ÃŽ ³9. Both have a signalling function and can interact with various downstream effector systems 7,9. The duration of G protein-mediated effector activation is dependent on the intrinsic GTPase activity of the GÃŽ ±-subunit. GTP-hydrolysis results in dissociation of GÃŽ ±(GDP) f rom the effector to reunite with GÃŽ ²ÃŽ ³ completing the cycle7. Several studies have shown that the kinetics of G-protein signalling are regulated by RGS proteins that can not only act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) on GÃŽ ±-subunits hereby accelerating GTP-hydrolysis, but also as scaffolds to help assemble signalling complexes and providing a critical mechanism of regulation of cellular responses10. Over 30 RGS/RGS-like domain containing proteins have been described and classified into nine distinct subfamilies based on primary sequence homology and presence of additional domains, including the A/RZ (prototype RGSZ), the B/R4 (prototype RGS4), the C/R7 (prototype RGS7), the D/R12 (prototype RGS12), the E/RA (prototype Axin), the F/GEF, G/GRK, H/SNX and I/D-AKAP2 subfamilies3,10,11. They differ widely in their overall size and amino acid identity, and many family members possess a remarkable variety of structural domains and motifs that regulate their actions and/or enable them to interact with other binging partners with diverse cellular roles. RGS proteins have a highly conserved RGS domain of 120 amino acids3,11 which allows for selective binding to the transition state of GÃŽ ±(GTP->GDP+P)8 , accelerating the GTP-hydrolysis up to a 1000-fold5,10 by stabilising this transition. Some studies have shown that RGS proteins can also act as effector antagonists by binding tightly to GÃŽ ±(GTP), hereby blocking effector activation5,11. It has been suggested that simple RGS proteins (those of A/RZ and B/R4) have an almost exclusively negative regulatory function acting as modulators of G-protein signalling as for instance shown by the function of RGS4, an effective GAP protein for GÃŽ ±q family members. In mammalian cells RGS4 doesn’t block the receptor and GÃŽ ±q/11-directed inositol lipid/Ca2+ signalling completely but elicit rhythmic Ca2+ oscillations in mammalian cells10, 11. On the contrary, the larger RGS proteins can link active GÃŽ ±s to other signalling pathways and therefore serve as multifunctional integrators. Integration can occur via activation of kinases, recruitment of cellular scaffolds/associated proteins or by direct receptor interactions11. Two of the R12 family members (RGS12 and RGS14) were shown to coordinate components of the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway8,10. RGS proteins display specificity and selectivity in their interactions not only with G-proteins, but also GCPRs, ion channels and other signalling events3,5 which may be accomplished by firstly, differences in GAP activity towards different types of GÃŽ ±-subunits (e.g. RGS19 was shown to interact strongly with GÃŽ ±i1, GÃŽ ±i3 and GÃŽ ±o, weakly GÃŽ ±i2 but not with GÃŽ ±s and GÃŽ ±q5; secondly, the ability to interact with specific GPCRs or with effectors within the GPCR signalling axis directly, due to presence of characteristic structural domains and motifs (e.g. RGS2 and RGS4 bind selectively the 3rd intracellular loop of M2 and M5 muscarinic receptors5); thirdly, by formation of an RGS/G-protein complex that prevents the G-protein from binding its receptor or the downstream effectors; and lastly, by co-expression of the RGS-proteins with its target protein(s) in order for selective interactions to take place. An example is illustrated by the expression of the alternative splice d RGS9-1 and RGS9-2 in entirely different tissues, thus having different functions and selectivity for different targets. While RGS9-1 is expressed in the photoreceptor cell layers of the retina and is involved in the phototransduction pathway by regulation of photoreceptors, RGS9-2 is predominantly found in the brain and shows selectivity for the regulation of dopamine D2 and opioid  µ receptor signalling pathways5. RGS proteins play and essential regulatory role in G-protein mediated signal transduction, being able to regulate a great number of GCPR signalling events with great specificity and accuracy. By fully understanding the mechanisms and the significance of their expression, role and targets it can lead science to advances in the development of novel therapeutic drugs against disorders involving G-protein mediated signalling. References Baltoumas, F. A., Theodoropoulou, M. C., Hamodrakas, S.J.; Interactions of the a-subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins with GPCRs, effectors and RGS proteins: A critical review and analysis of interacting surfaces, conformational shifts, structural diversity and electrostatic potentials. Journal of Structural Biology.2013;(182):209-218 Filmore, D.; Its a GPCR world. Modern Drug Discovery  (American Chemical Society).2004; (November): 24–28 Bansal, G., Druey, K.M., Xie, Z.; R4 RGS proteins: regulation of G-protein signaling and beyond. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2007;116(3):473-495 Joost, P., Methner, A.; Phylogenetic analysis of 277 human G-protein-coupled receptors as a tool for the prediction of orphan receptor ligands.Genome Biology. 2002;3(11): research0063.1–0063.16 Xie, G.X., Palmer, P.P.; How regulators of G protein signaling achieve selective regulation. Journal of molecular biology. 2007;366(2):349-365 CABRERA-VERA, T.M., VANHAUWE, J., THOMAS, T.O., MEDKOVA, M., PREININGER, A., MAZZONI, M.R., HAMM, H.; Insights into G Protein Structure, Function, and Regulation.  Endocrine Reviews. 2003;24(6):765-781 Rang, H.P., Dale, M.M., Ritter, J.M., Flower, R.J., Henderson, G.; Rang and Dales Pharmacology. 7th ed. UK. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone ; 2012; 3(32-33) Kimple, A.J., Bosch, D.E., Giguà ¨re, P.M., Siderovski, D.P.; Regulators of G-protein signaling and their GÃŽ ± substrates: promises and challenges in their use as drug discovery targets. Pharmacological Reviews. 2011;63(3):728-749 Oldham, W.M., Hamm, H.; Heterotrimeric G protein activation by G-protein-coupled receptors.NATURE REVIEWS | molecular cell biology. 2008;9:60-71 Keinan, D., Yang, S., Cohen, R.E., Yuan, X., Liu, T., Li, Y.P.; Role of regulator of G protein signaling proteins in bone.Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2014;1(19):634-648 Hollinger, S., Hepler, J.R.;. Cellular regulation of RGS proteins: modulators and integrators of G protein signaling.Pharmacological Reviews. 2002;54(3):527-559

All Quiet on the Western Front by Maria Erich Remarque Essay -- paul, s

Away from the front lines, soldiers are perceived and act as individuals, however when pulled to the front, they come together creating and inseparable bond of camaraderie. Remarque’s All Quite on the Western Front illustrates the true content of war. The soldiers of the front lines fought with a common purpose, putting aside other desires and dining personal needs which created an in ignorable bond of camaraderie making life on the front lines bearable. This is particularly portrayed in Paul’s relationship to other soldiers. Through Paul’s protection of his comrades, the family-like relationship between the soldiers and the development of a close bond during free time, Remarque shows that the most important aspect of war is camaraderie. Soldiers in WWI had only each other to depend on for any chance of survival. Paul explores and puts into these actions time and again by protecting and trusting those around him. One day while pondering, Paul says to himself â€Å"we had to recognize that our generation was more to be trusted that theirs. They surpass us only in phrases and in cleverness†. He is referring to the older generations who are not fighting on the front who describe the war as glorious. Paul understands that the camaraderie is based on common experience, something only the front line soldiers experience and thus understand with Paul. Because they share these common experiences, Paul also shows compassion to especially the younger, new recruits. While in the trenches a young recruit â€Å"lay in utter terror. He had buried his face in his hands. He looked up, pushing the helmet off and like a child crept under [Paul’s] arm, his head close to his breast. The little shoulders heaved. Shoulders like Kemmerich’s† Paul’s compassion f... ...nother than even lovers†¦so intimate we do not even speak† this forever known camaraderie is set in stone for when one part is lost it leaves the group weak. This is shown after Kat dies and Paul is left alone. He realizes there is no one left for him and he gives up. He knew nothing but death and dieing without the camaraderie offered to him. War is a series of deaths for a greater gain for the people who do not fight at the front. However while on the front it becomes a fight for life through battle and friendship. The bonds created allow success and support. The family bond created is the most important effect of war and debatably the only good one. Through this bond Remarque shows this importance as the only light in the never-ending darkness of war. Works Cited Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. New York: Ballantine, 1982. Print. All Quiet on the Western Front by Maria Erich Remarque Essay -- paul, s Away from the front lines, soldiers are perceived and act as individuals, however when pulled to the front, they come together creating and inseparable bond of camaraderie. Remarque’s All Quite on the Western Front illustrates the true content of war. The soldiers of the front lines fought with a common purpose, putting aside other desires and dining personal needs which created an in ignorable bond of camaraderie making life on the front lines bearable. This is particularly portrayed in Paul’s relationship to other soldiers. Through Paul’s protection of his comrades, the family-like relationship between the soldiers and the development of a close bond during free time, Remarque shows that the most important aspect of war is camaraderie. Soldiers in WWI had only each other to depend on for any chance of survival. Paul explores and puts into these actions time and again by protecting and trusting those around him. One day while pondering, Paul says to himself â€Å"we had to recognize that our generation was more to be trusted that theirs. They surpass us only in phrases and in cleverness†. He is referring to the older generations who are not fighting on the front who describe the war as glorious. Paul understands that the camaraderie is based on common experience, something only the front line soldiers experience and thus understand with Paul. Because they share these common experiences, Paul also shows compassion to especially the younger, new recruits. While in the trenches a young recruit â€Å"lay in utter terror. He had buried his face in his hands. He looked up, pushing the helmet off and like a child crept under [Paul’s] arm, his head close to his breast. The little shoulders heaved. Shoulders like Kemmerich’s† Paul’s compassion f... ...nother than even lovers†¦so intimate we do not even speak† this forever known camaraderie is set in stone for when one part is lost it leaves the group weak. This is shown after Kat dies and Paul is left alone. He realizes there is no one left for him and he gives up. He knew nothing but death and dieing without the camaraderie offered to him. War is a series of deaths for a greater gain for the people who do not fight at the front. However while on the front it becomes a fight for life through battle and friendship. The bonds created allow success and support. The family bond created is the most important effect of war and debatably the only good one. Through this bond Remarque shows this importance as the only light in the never-ending darkness of war. Works Cited Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. New York: Ballantine, 1982. Print.

Reflection on Culture Shock

Last class, the professor let us see a picture. The picture tells us unlike America, Canada likes salad; different people can go into its culture and do not need to throw its own culture, like a melting pot. I think this metaphor is very vivid. In my eyes, Canadian is more friendly and more kind than American. When I get on the bus, I see various people from different countries. And they talk about something together, very happy and harmonious. If we bump somebody at school accidently, you will find that before you say sorry to him, he will say sorry to you. At first I feel strange about that. I bump to him, why he don’t angry and say sorry to me? When I back home I ask my home stay mother, she said Canadian is very polite. If you get lost and ask a guy how to get the destination, he will tell you in detail as if he is afraid of you getting lost. Few days ago, after I had supper in East, I want to buy some Korea food, I know there has a supermarket near the restaurant, but I do not know how to get there. So I look around to think the way. Then a man came to me and asked: â€Å" Can I help you? You look confused just now. Where do you want to go? † I told him the name of the supermarket and he said follow me, I lead you to there. I appreciated him and got there. So from my experience, I like this diverse cultural atmosphere, I always think that I am a lucky dog I come to this big culture family!

Review of Part 3 of Omnivore’s Dilemma

Review of Part 3 of The Omnivore’s Dilemma ENGL-135 Advanced Composition Professor Edmondson William McGuire In Part 3, Chapters 15, 16, and 17 of The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Michael Pollan explores looking foraging for different foods, the ethics of hunting animals and harvesting the meat from them, and giving a brief look into what brought about the paradox of The Omnivore’s Dilemma.Chapters 15, 16, and 17 bring up a lot of good points about foraging and hunting and Pollan provides through detail and research on the topics, but upon reading these chapters you find it lacking content that will keep you engaged and the material can be pretty dry at times while you get a little bit of disorganization from random topics. Chapter 15 of Omnivore's Dilemma was a short chapter on how Pollan is preparing to make a meal from all of the foraging groups. Fruits, vegetables, fungi, and meat were the components that made up this meal, he wanted to find and gather enough from eac h group to make his first.Pollan had just moved to California, so his unfamiliarity with the area was a disadvantage, so he decided to hire a companion to help him on his quest. Chapter 16 takes the reader to a different venue, Pollan discusses the beginnings of The Omnivore’s Dilemma through a research paper that was written in 1976 by Paul Rozin and titled The Selection of Foods by Rats, Humans, and Other Animals. Pollan expresses how similar we are to rats that we are omnivores, but unlike rats, we have lost our instinct of choosing food and follow advertisements as our guide.He then goes on to suggest that the problems stem from capitalistic gains and the pursuit of revenue. In chapter 17 we are taken back to Pollan on his foraging quest he started in chapter 15. This chapter looks more at the ethics of hunting and eating animals that are not processed in processing plants like we are so use to seeing. Pollan brings up reasoning on why he is a meat eater and battles with the struggle on if eating meat at a steakhouse is morally right and ethical. He goes into detail about the way the animal lived and if the animal had a long, happy, humane life.The author concludes that if we look away from how the animal goes from being on the farm to a freezer in the supermarket then people turn vegetarian and if we can’t look away then we have to find a way to accept it and determine if the animal endured a lifetime of suffering. Part 3 in the book meets two out of the three common expectations and displays some strong descriptive wording to give you a sense of imagery when you read certain parts of the book as well as give you a good understanding on the point he is trying to get across.An example of one of the statements that he uses to paint a picture for you and try to bring you there is â€Å"I began to notice things. I noticed the soft yellow globes of chamomile edging the path I hiked most afternoons, and spotted clumps of miner’s lettuce of f in the shade (Claytonia, a succulent coin-shaped green I had once grown in my Connecticut garden) and wild mustard out in the sun. (Angelo called it rapini, and said the young leaves were delicious sauteed in olive oil and garlic. ) There were blackberries in flower and the occasional edible bird: a few quail, a pair of doves. (Pollan, pg. 285) Another strength in this book is the subject matter that pertains to what the author is trying to convey to the reader, Pollan is trying to show the readers that the way we use to obtain and eat food is ever changing and will continue to change and we are easy to influence as it pertains to our diets, he does well in keeping to the theme of his book. The weaknesses of Part 3 cover two of the three common expectations and they are the lack of engagement for the reader and the order in which the subject matter is presented.This book is not tailored for someone who loves to read fantasy or action, something that will leave you hanging on the e dge of your seat wanting more. Instead what you get is someone detailing his experiences and research that supports a lot of his ideas, ethics of eating animals, and corn sex, alas no explosions or protagonist/antagonist struggle. I found myself dozing off a few times feeling like I was in an agriculture lecture or biology class.The subject matter is laid out well in some parts of the book, but Pollan jumps around a lot with the material, for instance, in chapter 15 he is foraging for food then chapter 16 is about a research article that gave him inspiration to write The Omnivore’s Dilemma, and then chapter 17 is about his moral conflict of eating steak at a steakhouse and whether or not the animal had to suffer to get to his plate. I think the book needs some improvement in this regard so the author is not jumping to different topics at random.In The Omnivore’s Dilemma, the author Michael Pollan is somewhat successful in satisfying the common expectations for the chap ters I have read, one of the expectations is both a strength and a weakness for this part of the book. I think that the book as a whole does not satisfy the common expectations with the big one being engagement, there will be people who are interested in this book but it is only a small facet of the readers out there today. The book does deliver on the use of imagery and the subject matter stays on topic most of the time and supports his ideas and theories.Later on in part 3 in the next three chapters he goes on the hunt and he elaborates on the history of pigs that are not native to California and his feelings after the kill. He then finds some wild mushrooms to pair with the meat he has acquired from harvesting the pig and talks about his adventures trying to find non-poisonous mushrooms; and the final chapter presents the author preparing the meal with all of the components he has foraged for and harvested. Works Cited Pollan, M. (2006). The Omnivore's Dilemma. New York, New York : Penguin Books.

Ace Your Medical School Interview

Ace Your Medical School Interview Getting into medical school is no easy task. From challenging pre-med coursework to the MCAT and soliciting recommendation letters, applying to medical school is a marathon-length process. Getting an invitation to interview can feel like a major win and it is but, you still need to impress the admissions committee. Thats why practicing medical school interview questions and answers can be pivotal to your success. Whats exciting about an invitation to interview is that it means that you have been given the message that you excel. The challenge is that everyone invited to interview is in the same boat...everyone looks great on paper. Now your job is to turn that invitation to interview into an invitation to attend. The best way to do that is to prepare. While you might face several types of interview formats, certain questions will nearly always arise. 36 Possible Medical School Interview Questions Consider these 36 common questions you will face in your med school interview. Think of how you would answer them so you are not left figuring out how to respond on the spot, when nerves may interfere. Why do you want to be a doctor?What will you do if you arent accepted to medical school?What makes you special?Identify two of your biggest strengths.Identify two of your biggest weaknesses. How will overcome them?What do you think will be your greatest challenge in completing medical school or learning how to be a doctor? How will you address it?In your view, what is the most pressing problem facing medicine today?How will you pay for medical school?If you could change anything about your education, what would it be?Where else are you applying to medical school?Have you been accepted anywhere?What is your first-choice medical school?If multiple schools accepted you, how would you make your decision?Tell me about yourself.What do you do in your spare time?Why would you be a good doctor?What do you feel are the most important qualities in being a good doctor?What are your hobbies?Are you a leader or a follower? Why?What exposure have you had to the medical profession?Discuss your clin ical experiences. Discuss your volunteer work.What do you think you will like most about practicing medicine?What do you think you will like least about practicing medicine?How are you a good match for our medical school?What are three things you want to change about yourself?What is your favorite subject? Why?What aspect of medical school do you think you will find most challenging?How would you describe the relationship between science and medicine?Where do you see yourself in 10 years?Why do you think you will be successful in coping with the pressure of medical school?Who has most influenced your life so far and why?Why should we choose you?Some say that doctors make too much money. What do you think?Share your thoughts about [insert topic on ethical issues in health care, such as abortion, cloning, euthanasia].Share your thoughts about [insert policy issue such as managed care and changes in the US healthcare system].

Idealism and Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Idealism and Reality - Essay Example As everyone do not own same attitude towards life, some people love to take life as a challenge. They are not influenced by emotional attachments, rather they like solitary freedom. Christopher was one of them. Let us focus on different angles of his character reflected in the story. Christopher was an intelligent student as well as a good athlete. We can consider him as philanthropic as he had a soft corner for homeless and foodless people and always helped them. He was very pertinacious and determined. He did only those things he wanted to do. Nobody could change his decision. According to his father, he was overconfident as he got success in everything he did in his life. He was also very impatient. He was inspired by the great novelist Leo Tolstoy who relinquished his all in search of self discovery and Christopher followed his steps. The goal of his life was to search his true self. We can summarize his character as a dreamy young man passionate about the truth of life and tried to discover the same in his own way. As reality is completely different from dreams, his naive mistakes finally caused his death. But we should appreciate his courage and obsession towards his dreams. According to American civil rights activist Jesse Jackson, "No one should negotiate their dreams. Dreams must be free to flee and fly high." Christopher must have the same belief. If we look into the flow of his life, we will see that he always furnished his dream with the highest priority. Christopher had a luxurious life as he belonged to a wealthy family in Washington D.C. He completed his graduation in 1990 from Emory University. He had a loving family along with plentiful money in his savings account. He was also offered a good job. He was getting everything which is dream of each common man. But he declined to enjoy these comforts and donated everything he owned. He cut off his bond with family and friends and tramped around different places of USA. But he did not settle anywhere. His pleasant personality affected and impressed every one he met during his short lifespan. Finally he decided to spend some days in Alaskan Wilderness. He was well aware of the fact that this trip ma y be his last one but he wanted to live his dream. With the help of a truck driver he reached Alaska and managed to find a deserted bus which he made his base camp. But in his fascination he did some foolish mistakes. He did not carry enough food with him as he found hunting more exciting. He did not take a compass or watch even a map with him. It was the greatest mistake which he compensated by giving away his life. Though he has done so many mistakes, we should value his determination and willpower as without nominal amenities of daily life he managed to stay there more than two months. At last he realized

Colonization of african americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Colonization of african americans - Essay Example I used to have an older brother, but we got separated when he got sold off to a different family. I hope he is well, wherever he is. I haven't seen him in 10 years. When we first came here to Georgia, we were scared because we didn't know what kind of family we'll serve, or if we will yet again be separated. As my Ma and Pa anticipated our expulsion from the South Carolina rice plantation we called home since before I was born (they were just too many of us slaves than they can handle), I can hear them praying for a better owner—people who will not whip us when we make mistakes or if they think we're being lazy. I remember playing inside the trunk of a big old tree far from the rice plantation, but being careful so that no white people can see me. The clay house we share with another family is hot in the summer, and being a young boy, I want to go out and play. But if they see me, there'd be big trouble for sure. So I found myself a hiding place in a tree. Ma always told me ac tions have consequences, and if I'm not careful, then she couldn't shield me from the eyes of our owner. Consequences means whipping and no food rations—especially if we caught our master's attention when he was drunk. That's asking for big trouble. The fusion of bad disposition alcohol would mean at least 10 whips. So, Ma and Pa were both happy and scared we were about to be resold or "imported" as they call it—happy to be leaving our cruel master, but scared to be sold to a more cruel owner. While we were being auctioned off in cuffs, after my brother was bought by a different man, the three of us gave an inaudible sigh of relief when we were purchased by one man. He looks stern but fair, although we dared not look into his eyes, afraid he might think we're insolent and get off on a bad start. It turns out he was a general who just invested in a small cotton plantation and only needs more than a dozen hands to work the fields for starters. Our new home in Georgia was more livable. We were given our own hut and it even had a small fireplace! Although we miss our fellow slaves we left behind or were sold to others—especially my brother—life was starting to look good. Our assimilation into the Georgia life was smooth. The general bought two other families—parents who can still work hard who had sons who were young, but ready to work. Unlike in our old life, we were given enough food to eat and allowed us not to work on Sundays, except during harvest season when we had to work 16 to 18 hours a day. Missus and master treated us like people, where before we were treated almost like animals. As long as we work hard and are honest, we didn't go hungry. They gave us a fair share for our daily cotton weight. Although we were used to having to work with a lot of slaves, here, we became like a close-knit family because slave owners in Georgia are not as many. Most of the people disapproved slavery, and maybe this is why our masters wer e good to us. Because there were so few of us in our community, segregation—although not a law—was apparent. It was like a hidden code. When you see whites on the road, you automatically give way. It's my birthday today, and we celebrate it by making a bonfire and roasting the extra meat given to me for this special day. Before we came here, we never got to celebrate birthdays. Anyway, because it's my birthday, I wonder where I really came from and